Course Content
A. Syllables
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A.01. Identify the number of syllables in a given word.
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A.02. Categorise words based on their syllable count.
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A.03. Break down multi-syllabic words into their constituent syllables.
B. Rhyming Words
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B.01. Recognise rhyming words based on auditory cues.
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B.02. Identify words that do not rhyme within a given set.
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B.03. Complete a rhyming pair by providing the missing word.
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B.04. Complete a simple poem by adding a rhyming word.
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B.05. Solve riddles by spelling rhyming words.
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B.06. Create original rhymes for given words.
C. Consonant Blends and Digraphs
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C.01. Identify initial consonant blends in words.
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C.02. Identify final consonant blends in words.
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C.03. Spell words containing consonant blends.
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C.04. Recognise digraphs (ch, sh, th) in words.
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C.05. Recognise digraphs (ph, qu, wh) in words.
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C.06. Spell words containing digraphs (ch, sh, th).
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C.07. Spell words containing digraphs (ph, qu, wh).
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C.08. Categorise words based on their initial consonant blend or digraph.
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C.09. Complete words with three-letter consonant blends.
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C.10. Use words with three-letter consonant blends in sentences.
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C.11. Complete words with silent letters.
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C.12. Discern the difference between a consonant blend and a digraph.
D. Short Vowel Sounds
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D.01. Identify the correct short vowel sound in a word.
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D.02. Spell words with the short ‘a’ sound.
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D.03. Spell words with the short ‘e’ sound.
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D.04. Spell words with the short ‘i’ sound.
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D.05. Spell words with the short ‘o’ sound.
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D.06. Spell words with the short ‘u’ sound.
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D.07. Distinguish between different short vowel sounds.
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D.08. Apply short vowel sounds to decode unfamiliar words.
E. Silent ‘e’
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E.01. Identify words containing a silent ‘e’ that changes the vowel sound.
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E.02. Complete words with silent ‘e’.
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E.03. Spell words with silent ‘e’.
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E.04. Explain the role of silent ‘e’ in altering vowel sounds.
F. Vowel Digraphs
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F.04. Select the sentence containing a vowel digraph that matches a given picture.
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F.05. Compare and contrast different vowel digraphs.
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F.01. Recognise words containing vowel digraphs (e.g., ea, ai, oa).
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F.02. Complete words with vowel digraphs.
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F.03. Choose the correct vowel digraph to complete a word.
G. Short and Long Vowel Patterns
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G.01. Categorise words as having short or long vowel sounds.
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G.02. Match short ‘a’ and long ‘a’ words to corresponding pictures.
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G.03. Match short ‘e’ and long ‘e’ words to corresponding pictures.
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G.04. Choose the short ‘i’ or long ‘i’ word that matches the picture.
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G.05. Choose the short ‘o’ or long ‘o’ word that matches the picture.
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G.06. Choose the short ‘u’ or long ‘u’ word that matches the picture.
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G.07. Use spelling patterns to sort long and short vowel words.
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G.08. Identify if a syllable is open or closed.
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G.09. Spell words with open and closed syllables.
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G.10. Complete the sentence with the correct -ild, -ind, -old, -olt, or -ost word.
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G.11. Develop an understanding of how vowel sounds change depending on their position in a syllable.
H. Long Vowel Patterns
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H.01. Identify words containing a specific long vowel sound.
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H.02. Spell long ‘a’ words (silent e, ai, ay).
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H.03. Spell long ‘e’ words (ee, ea).
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H.04. Spell long ‘i’ words (silent e, ie, y).
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H.05. Spell long ‘o’ words (silent e, oa, ow).
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H.06. Spell long ‘u’ words (silent e, ue, oo, ew).
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H.07. Differentiate between various spellings for each long vowel sound.
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H.08. Construct sentences using words with different long vowel patterns.
I. Diphthongs: oi, oy, ou, ow
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I.01. Recognise words containing diphthongs (oi, oy, ou, ow).
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I.02. Complete words with the correct diphthong (oi, oy, ou, ow).
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I.03. Choose the sentence containing a diphthong that matches a given picture.
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I.04. Pronounce words with diphthongs accurately.
J. Variant Vowels
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J.01. Complete words with variant vowels (e.g., /aw/, /oo/).
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J.02. Identify the word with a different vowel sound among a set of words.
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J.03. Differentiate between various variant vowel sounds.
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J.04. Recognize and pronounce words with schwa sounds.
K. Soft ‘g’ and ‘c’
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K.01. Categorise words as having a soft or hard ‘g’ or ‘c’ sound.
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K.02. Select the word with a soft ‘g’ or ‘c’ sound that matches a given picture.
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K.03. Choose the sentence containing a word with a soft ‘g’ or ‘c’ sound that matches a given picture.
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K.04. Spell words with soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’.
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K.05. Explain the rule that determines when ‘g’ and ‘c’ have soft sounds.
L. Two-Syllable Words
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L.01. Combine two syllables to form a word (easier).
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L.02. Combine two syllables to form a word (harder).
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L.03. Complete two-syllable words.
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L.04. Complete sentences using two-syllable words.
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L.05. Identify the two syllables that make up a given word.
M. Consonant-l-e Syllables
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M.01. Complete consonant-l-e words.
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M.02. Choose the correct spelling of consonant-l-e words.
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M.03. Spell consonant-l-e words.
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M.04. Identify the consonant-l-e syllable within a word.
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M.05. Divide words with consonant-l-e syllables correctly.
N. Sight Words
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N.01. Recognise sight words by listening to them being spoken.
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N.02. Complete sentences with the correct sight word.
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N.03. Spell sight words.
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N.04. Use sight words in original sentences.
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N.05. Identify sight words within a text.
O. Sequence of Events
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O.01. Arrange events in a story in the correct chronological order.
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O.02. Summarise the plot of a simple story.
P. Inference and Analysis
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P.01. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters in a story.
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P.02. Analyse stories to understand the plot and character motivations.
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P.03. Make inferences based on details within a text.
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P.04. Draw conclusions about the story based on evidence from the text.
Q. Theme Identification
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Q.01. Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales.
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Q.02. Compare and contrast the themes of different stories.
R. Topic and Purpose
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R.01. Identify the primary purpose of a text (e.g., to inform, to entertain, to persuade).
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R.02. Determine the main topic of a given text.
S. Cause and Effect Relationships
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S.01. Match an effect to its corresponding cause in a given scenario.
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S.02. Match a cause to its corresponding effect in a given scenario.
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S.03. Identify cause-and-effect relationships within a text.
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S.04. Predict potential effects based on given causes.
T. Comparison and Contrast
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T.01. Compare and contrast information presented in informational passages.
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T.02. Identify similarities and differences between two subjects.
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T.03. Presenting comparisons and contrasts using graphic organizers.
U. Comprehension of Informational Texts
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U.01. Read and understand informational passages.
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U.02. Answer comprehension questions based on informational texts.
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U.03. Summarise the main points of an informational passage.
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U.04. Identify factual information within a text.
V. Sentence Ordering
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V.01. Arrange sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.
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V.02. Identify the sentence that best begins a paragraph.
W. Topic Sentence Selection
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W.01. Choose appropriate topic sentences for narrative paragraphs.
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W.02. Choose appropriate topic sentences for expository paragraphs.
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W.03. Write a topic sentence for a given paragraph.
X. Linking Words (Conjunctions)
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X.01. Use conjunctions (and, but, or, so) to connect ideas.
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X.02. Use subordinating conjunctions (because, if, when) to connect clauses.
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X.03. Identify time-order words (first, then, next, finally).
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X.04. Use time-order words to indicate sequence.
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X.05. Combine simple sentences using coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
Y. Author’s Purpose
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Y.01. Choose the text that best matches a specific writer’s purpose.
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Y.02. Determine the author’s intended audience.
Z. Opinion Writing
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Z.01. Differentiate between facts and opinions in sentences.
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Z.02. Complete an opinion passage with a relevant example.
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Z.03. Complete an opinion passage with a supporting reason.
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Z.04. Complete an opinion-reason-example table.
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Z.05. Formulate a clear opinion statement.
AA. Descriptive Details
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AA.01. Select sensory details that correspond to a given picture.
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AA.02. Add descriptive details to enhance sentences.
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AA.03. Revise sentences by replacing weak verbs with stronger alternatives.
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AA.04. Incorporate adjectives and adverbs to enrich writing.
BB. Prefixes and Suffixes
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BB.01. Complete words by adding the correct ending based on auditory cues.
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BB.02. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes in given words.
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BB.03. Determine the meaning of a word with the prefixes pre-, re-, or mis-.
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BB.04. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis- correctly in words.
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BB.05. Determine the meaning of a word with the suffixes -ful or -less.
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BB.06. Review and apply knowledge of prefixes and suffixes.
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BB.07. Explain how prefixes and suffixes alter the meaning of a base word.
CC. Compound Words
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CC.01. Form compound words by combining two smaller words.
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CC.02. Form and use compound words in sentences.
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CC.03. Identify the two words that make up a compound word.
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CC.04. Understand the meaning of common compound words.
DD. Categorisation
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DD.01. Sort words into appropriate categories (e.g., animals, foods, colours).
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DD.02. Identify the word that does not belong in a given category.
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DD.03. Explain why a word does not fit into a specific category.
EE. Synonyms and Antonyms
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EE.01. Choose the synonym (word with similar meaning) for a given word.
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EE.02. Find synonyms in context within sentences.
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EE.03. Choose the antonym (word with opposite meaning) for a given word.
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EE.04. Identify sentences that correctly use an antonym.
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EE.05. Find antonyms in context within sentences.
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EE.06. Identify sentences that express the same meaning.
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EE.07. Expand vocabulary by learning synonyms and antonyms of words.
FF. Homophones
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FF.04. Explain the different meanings of various homophones.
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FF.01. Recognise homophones (words that sound alike but have different meanings) with the aid of pictures.
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FF.02. Identify homophones from a list of words.
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FF.03. Use the correct homophone in a sentence.
GG. Multiple-Meaning Words
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GG.01. Identify different meanings of multiple-meaning words with the aid of pictures.
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GG.02. Distinguish between the different meanings of a word based on context.
HH. Shades of Meaning
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HH.01. Identify words with related meanings.
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HH.02. Describe the subtle differences between related words.
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HH.03. Order related words based on their intensity or degree of meaning.
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HH.04. Explain how shades of meaning affect sentence interpretation.
II. Idioms
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II.01. Choose the picture that represents the meaning of a given idiomatic expression.
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II.02. Interpret the meaning of common idioms.
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II.03. Use idioms correctly in sentences.
JJ. Context Clues
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JJ.01. Use context clues within a sentence or passage to determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
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JJ.02. Identify different types of context clues (e.g., definition, example, synonym, antonym).
KK. Reference Skills
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KK.01. Order words alphabetically based on the first letter.
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KK.02. Order words alphabetically based on the first two letters.
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KK.03. Order words alphabetically based on the first three letters.
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KK.04. Use guide words in a dictionary to locate a specific word.
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KK.05. Use dictionary entries to find definitions and other information about words.
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KK.06. Locate information using various reference materials.
LL. Sentences, Fragments and Run-ons
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LL.01. Identify the four types of sentences: statement, question, command, or exclamation.
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LL.02. Identify the subject of a sentence.
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LL.03. Identify the predicate of a sentence.
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LL.04. Distinguish between complete sentences and sentence fragments.
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LL.05. Distinguish between complete sentences and run-on sentences.
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LL.06. Classify text as a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on.
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LL.07. Unscramble words to form a complete and grammatically correct sentence.
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LL.08. Correct sentence fragments by adding missing subjects or predicates.
MM. Nouns
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MM.01. Select the nouns from a list of words.
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MM.02. Identify nouns in sentences.
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MM.03. Classify nouns as common or proper.
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MM.04. Identify common and proper nouns.
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MM.05. Form regular plural nouns by adding -s and -es.
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MM.06. Use regular plural nouns correctly in sentences.
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MM.07. Use singular and plural nouns appropriately.
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MM.08. Determine whether a noun is singular or plural.
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MM.09. Form and use irregular plural nouns.
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MM.10. Identify plural, singular possessive, and plural possessive nouns.
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MM.11. Form the singular or plural possessive form of nouns.
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MM.12. Identify and correct errors in the use of plural and possessive nouns.
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MM.13. Explain the difference between plural and possessive nouns.
NN. Pronouns
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NN.01. Identify personal pronouns (I, me, you, he, she, it, we, us, they, them).
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NN.02. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns in sentences.
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NN.03. Replace a singular noun with the appropriate personal pronoun.
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NN.04. Replace a plural noun with the appropriate personal pronoun.
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NN.05. Use compound subjects and objects correctly with ‘I’ and ‘me’.
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NN.06. Choose the correct personal pronoun to complete a sentence.
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NN.07. Identify possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs).
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NN.08. Use possessive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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NN.09. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves).
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NN.10. Use reflexive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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NN.11. Explain the function of pronouns in replacing nouns.
OO. Verb Types
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OO.01. Use action verbs to describe actions.
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OO.02. Identify action verbs in sentences.
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OO.03. Identify helping verbs (is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, have, has, had, do, does, did, shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, could).
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OO.04. Differentiate between action and linking verbs.
PP. Subject-Verb Agreement
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PP.01. Determine whether a subject is singular or plural.
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PP.02. Use the correct form of the verb to agree with the subject.
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PP.03. Ensure pronoun-verb agreement in sentences.
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PP.04. Identify and correct errors in subject-verb agreement.
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PP.05. Apply subject-verb agreement rules in writing.
QQ. Verb Tense
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QQ.01. Identify sentences written in the regular past tense.
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QQ.02. Identify verbs in the regular past tense.
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QQ.03. Form and use the regular past tense of verbs.
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QQ.04. Change a sentence from present tense to future tense.
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QQ.05. Identify irregular past tense verbs (set 1).
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QQ.06. Identify irregular past tense verbs (set 2).
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QQ.07. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (set 1).
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QQ.08. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (set 2).
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QQ.09. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (set 3).
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QQ.10. Form and use irregular past tense verbs (set 4).
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QQ.11. Match sentences with -ed and -ing verb forms to corresponding pictures.
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QQ.12. Use the correct present tense form of the verb “to be”.
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QQ.13. Use the correct past tense form of the verb “to be”.
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QQ.14. Use the correct form of the verb “to be” in a sentence.
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QQ.15. Use the correct form of the verb “to have” in a sentence.
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QQ.16. Place sentences with irregular verbs on a timeline to indicate when the actions occurred.
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QQ.17. Determine whether a sentence is in the past, present, or future tense.
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QQ.18. Conjugate common verbs in past, present, and future tenses.
RR. Articles (a, an, the)
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RR.01. Use the correct article (a or an) before a noun.
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RR.02. Identify articles in sentences.
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RR.03. Explain the difference between definite and indefinite articles.
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RR.04. Choose the correct article based on the noun that follows.
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RR.05. Understand when to use no article.
SS. Adjectives and Adverbs
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SS.01. Use sensory words (adjectives that appeal to the senses).
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SS.02. Determine whether an adjective describes what kind or how many.
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SS.03. Identify the adjective that describes a given noun.
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SS.04. Identify adjectives in sentences.
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SS.05. Identify comparative and superlative adjectives (e.g., bigger, biggest).
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SS.06. Determine whether an adverb tells how, when, or where an action occurs.
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SS.07. Identify adverbs in sentences.
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SS.08. Choose between adjectives and adverbs to complete sentences.
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SS.09. Identify whether a word is functioning as an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.
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SS.10. Use adjectives and adverbs to make sentences more descriptive.
TT. Prepositions
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TT.01. Select the best preposition to match a picture.
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TT.02. Select the best preposition to complete a sentence.
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TT.03. Identify prepositions in sentences.
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TT.04. Explain the relationship between a preposition and its object.
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TT.05. Use prepositions to indicate location, time, and direction.
UU. Contractions
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UU.01. Form contractions by combining a pronoun and a verb (e.g., I’m, you’re, he’s).
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UU.02. Form contractions by combining a verb and “not” (e.g., isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t).
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UU.03. Use pronoun-verb contractions correctly in sentences.
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UU.04. Use contractions with “not” correctly in sentences.
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UU.05. Use various contractions appropriately in sentences.
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UU.06. Differentiate between a contraction and its expanded form.
VV. Capitalisation
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VV.01. Capitalise the names of people and pets.
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VV.02. Capitalise days of the week, months of the year, and holidays.
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VV.03. Capitalise the names of places and geographic features.
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VV.04. Capitalise titles (e.g., Mr., Ms., Dr.).
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VV.05. Capitalise greetings and closings of letters.
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VV.06. Capitalise the first word of a sentence.
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VV.07. Apply all rules of capitalisation to written work.
