Course Content
A. Nouns
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A.10. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns in sentences.
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A.11. Define abstract nouns and identify them in context.
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A.01. Identify nouns in a sentence.
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A.02. Distinguish between common and proper nouns.
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A.03. Determine if a noun is singular or plural.
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A.04. Form regular plural nouns using -s, -es, and -ies.
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A.05. Use regular plural nouns correctly in sentences.
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A.06. Form irregular plural nouns.
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A.07. Identify and use irregular plural nouns correctly in sentences.
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A.08. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives.
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A.09. Form singular and plural possessive nouns.
B. Sentences
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B.01. Recognize the four types of sentences: statement, question, command, and exclamation.
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B.02. Identify the complete subject of a sentence.
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B.03. Identify the complete predicate of a sentence.
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B.04. Identify the simple subject or predicate of a sentence.
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B.05. Determine if a group of words is a complete sentence or a fragment.
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B.06. Determine if a group of words is a complete sentence or a run-on sentence.
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B.07. Differentiate between complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences.
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B.08. Identify whether a sentence is simple or compound.
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B.09. Rearrange words to create a grammatically correct sentence.
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B.10. Combine simple sentences to form compound sentences using conjunctions.
C. Verbs
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C.01. Identify and use action verbs in sentences.
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C.02. Distinguish between main verbs and helping verbs in a sentence.
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C.03. Determine if a subject is singular or plural.
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C.04. Use the correct subject or verb form to ensure subject-verb agreement.
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C.05. Demonstrate pronoun-verb agreement in sentences.
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C.06. Identify verbs in the regular past tense.
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C.07. Form and use the regular past tense of verbs correctly.
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C.08. Identify irregular verbs in the past tense.
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C.09. Form and use the irregular past tense of common verbs.
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C.10. Correctly use different forms of ‘to be’ (am, is, are, was, were).
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C.11. Correctly use different forms of ‘to have’ (has, have, had).
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C.12. Identify if a sentence is in the past, present, or future tense.
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C.13. Rewrite sentences to change them to the future tense.
D. Pronouns
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D.01. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns correctly.
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D.02. Replace nouns with appropriate personal pronouns in sentences.
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D.03. Use ‘I’ and ‘me’ correctly in compound subjects and objects.
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D.04. Identify possessive pronouns.
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D.05. Use possessive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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D.06. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns correctly.
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D.07. Use reflexive pronouns appropriately in sentences.
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D.08. Identify personal pronouns within a given text.
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D.09. Differentiate between personal, possessive, and reflexive pronouns.
E. Adjectives and Adverbs
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E.01. Determine if an adjective describes “what kind” or “how many.”
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E.02. Identify the adjective that describes a noun in a sentence.
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E.03. Identify adjectives in a given text.
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E.04. Identify whether an adverb tells “how,” “when,” or “where.”
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E.05. Identify adverbs in a sentence.
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E.06. Choose between using adjectives and adverbs correctly in sentences.
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E.07. Determine whether a word is used as an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.
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E.08. Use adjectives to compare nouns (comparative and superlative forms).
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E.09. Spell adjectives correctly when using them to compare.
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E.10. Use adverbs to compare actions (comparative and superlative forms).
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E.11. Form comparative and superlative adverbs correctly.
F. Reading Foundations: Short and Long Vowels
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F.01. Use common spelling patterns to categorise words with short and long vowel sounds.
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F.02. Spell rhyming words to solve riddles.
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F.03. Spell words with the long ‘a’ sound using silent ‘e’, ‘ai’, ‘ay’, ‘ea’, ‘ey’, and ‘eigh’ patterns.
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F.04. Spell words with the long ‘e’ sound using silent ‘e’, ‘ee’, ‘ea’, and ‘ie’ patterns.
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F.05. Spell words with the long ‘i’ sound using silent ‘e’, ‘ie’, ‘y’, ‘igh’, ‘ind’, and ‘ild’ patterns.
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F.06. Spell words with the long ‘o’ sound using silent ‘e’, ‘oa’, ‘ow’, ‘old’, ‘ost’, and ‘olt’ patterns.
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F.07. Spell words with the long ‘u’ sound using silent ‘e’, ‘ue’, ‘oo’, ‘ew’, and ‘ui’ patterns.
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F.08. Distinguish between various vowel digraphs and diphthongs in written words.
G. Blends and Multisyllabic Words
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G.01. Complete words by adding a three-letter consonant blend at the beginning.
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G.02. Identify and spell words with open and closed syllables.
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G.03. Identify and spell words with consonant-l-e syllables.
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G.04. Break down multisyllabic words into their component syllables for easier reading and spelling.
H. Diphthongs, R-Controlled Vowels, and Irregular Words
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H.01. Spell words containing common vowel diphthongs.
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H.02. Spell words containing r-controlled vowel patterns.
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H.03. Accurately spell commonly used sight words (irregular words).
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H.04. Identify words with less common vowel digraphs and diphthongs.
I. Main Idea and Theme
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I.01. Identify key details in a passage to determine the main idea.
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I.02. Determine the main idea of a passage by synthesising information.
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I.03. Identify common themes in myths, fables, and folktales.
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I.04. Compare and contrast different interpretations of themes in various literary works.
J. Author’s Purpose and Text Structure
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J.01. Identify the author’s purpose in a mixed media presentation.
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J.02. Identify the author’s purpose in a written passage.
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J.03. Determine the order of events in informational texts.
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J.04. Compare and contrast information presented in informational texts.
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J.05. Match causes with their effects in a given context.
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J.06. Match problems with their corresponding solutions presented in a text.
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J.07. Identify different types of text structures used by authors.
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J.08. Analyse how the author’s purpose influences the choice of text structure.
K. Sensory Details, Literary Devices, and Point of View
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K.01. Categorise examples of sensory details (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch).
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K.02. Determine the meaning of similes used in literary texts.
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K.03. Distinguish between different points of view in a narrative.
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K.04. Explain how the author’s use of sensory details enhances the reader’s experience.
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K.05. Explore different types of literary devices, such as metaphors and personification.
L. Inference and Story Elements
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L.01. Use actions and dialogue to understand the characters in a story.
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L.02. Draw inferences from information presented in a text.
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L.03. Make predictions about the events in a story based on textual clues.
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L.04. Identify the key elements of a story (setting, characters, plot, conflict, resolution).
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L.05. Analyse how the story elements contribute to the overall meaning of the text.
M. Reading Comprehension: Literary and Informational Texts
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M.01. Read and comprehend fantasy stories with illustrations.
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M.02. Read and comprehend historical fiction stories with illustrations.
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M.03. Read and comprehend science fiction stories with illustrations.
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M.04. Read and comprehend realistic fiction stories with illustrations.
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M.05. Read and comprehend realistic fiction texts.
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M.06. Read and interpret different forms of poetry.
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M.07. Read and understand informational texts about animals, food, art, music, and traditions.
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M.08. Read and comprehend informational texts about sports, hobbies, famous people, famous places, business, technology, science, and nature.
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M.09. Compare and contrast different genres of literary and informational texts.
N. Organising Writing and Topic Sentences
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N.01. Arrange sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.
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N.02. Order items from most general to most specific to create a clear structure.
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N.03. Organise information by topic to create well-structured paragraphs or essays.
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N.04. Choose appropriate topic sentences for narrative paragraphs.
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N.05. Choose effective topic sentences for expository paragraphs.
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N.06. Write original topic sentences that effectively introduce the main idea of a paragraph.
O. Writer’s Purpose and Linking Words
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O.01. Select the text that appropriately matches a given writer’s purpose.
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O.02. Identify time-order words (e.g., first, then, next, finally).
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O.03. Use time-order words to show chronological sequence in writing.
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O.04. Use coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so) to connect ideas.
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O.05. Use subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if, when) to show relationships between clauses.
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O.06. Choose the most appropriate transition word or phrase to connect ideas smoothly.
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O.07. Create cohesive paragraphs using a variety of linking words and phrases.
P. Opinion Writing
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P.01. Distinguish between facts and opinions.
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P.02. Identify an author’s statement of opinion in a text.
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P.03. Choose relevant reasons to support an opinion.
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P.04. Complete an opinion passage by adding an example.
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P.05. Complete an opinion passage by providing a relevant reason.
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P.06. Organise information in an opinion-reason-example table.
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P.07. Write a well-structured opinion paragraph with a clear opinion statement, supporting reasons, and relevant examples.
Q. Descriptive Details
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Q.01. Add descriptive details to sentences to make them more vivid.
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Q.02. Show character emotions and traits through descriptive writing.
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Q.03. Revise sentences using stronger and more precise verbs.
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Q.04. Create vivid imagery using descriptive language.
R. Vocabulary: Prefixes and Suffixes
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R.05. Determine the meaning of a word with the suffixes ‘-ly’ or ‘-ness’.
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R.06. Determine the meaning of a word with the suffixes ‘-able’ or ‘-ment’.
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R.07. Review and apply knowledge of various suffixes to determine word meanings.
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R.08. Review and apply knowledge of both prefixes and suffixes to determine word meanings.
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R.09. Analyse how prefixes and suffixes can change the meaning and part of speech of a base word.
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R.01. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes in a given word.
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R.02. Determine the meaning of a word with the prefixes ‘pre-‘, ‘re-‘, or ‘mis-‘.
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R.03. Use the prefixes ‘pre-‘, ‘re-‘, and ‘mis-‘ correctly to form new words.
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R.04. Determine the meaning of a word with the suffixes ‘-ful’ or ‘-less’.
S. Vocabulary: Greek and Latin Roots
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S.01. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to determine the meanings of words.
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S.02. Determine the meanings of common Greek and Latin roots.
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S.03. Determine the meanings of words by recognising and understanding their Greek and Latin roots.
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S.04. Identify how Greek and Latin roots are used in scientific and technical vocabulary.
T. Vocabulary: Compound Words
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T.01. Form compound words by combining two or more words.
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T.02. Form and use compound words correctly in sentences.
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T.03. Differentiate between open, closed, and hyphenated compound words.
U. Vocabulary: Categories
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U.01. Select the items that belong to a specific category.
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U.02. Identify the word that does not belong within a given category.
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U.03. Create categories based on shared characteristics of words.
V. Vocabulary: Synonyms and Antonyms
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V.01. Choose the synonym for a given word.
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V.02. Identify the sentence that has the same meaning as a given sentence using synonyms.
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V.03. Find synonyms for words used in context within a passage.
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V.04. Choose the antonym for a given word.
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V.05. Identify the sentence that uses an antonym correctly.
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V.06. Find antonyms for words used in context within a passage.
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V.07. Analyse how the use of synonyms and antonyms can enhance writing.
W. Vocabulary: Homophones and Multiple-Meaning Words
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W.01. Identify homophones using pictures.
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W.02. Identify homophones in written form.
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W.03. Use the correct homophone in a sentence.
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W.04. Determine which definition of a multiple-meaning word matches its use in a sentence.
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W.05. Choose the sentence that correctly uses a specific definition of a multiple-meaning word.
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W.06. Explain how context clues can help determine the correct meaning of a multiple-meaning word.
X. Vocabulary: Shades of Meaning and Idioms
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X.01. Describe the subtle differences in meaning between related words.
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X.02. Distinguish between words with positive and negative connotations.
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X.03. Choose the picture that represents the meaning of an idiomatic expression.
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X.04. Analyse the impact of word choice and connotation on tone and style in writing.
Y. Vocabulary: Context Clues and Reference Skills
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Y.01. Determine the meaning of a word using synonyms provided in context.
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Y.02. Use context clues to identify the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
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Y.03. Order words alphabetically based on the first letter.
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Y.04. Order words alphabetically based on the first two letters.
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Y.05. Order words alphabetically based on the first three letters.
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Y.06. Order words alphabetically in a challenging list.
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Y.07. Use guide words to locate information in a reference text.
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Y.08. Use dictionary entries to find information about words.
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Y.09. Use dictionary definitions to understand the meanings of words.
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Y.10. Understand and utilize a thesaurus to find synonyms and antonyms for vocabulary enhancement.
Z. Grammar: Articles, Prepositions and Conjunctions
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Z.01. Use the correct article (“a” or “an”) before a noun.
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Z.02. Use the correct article (“a”, “an”, or “the”) before a noun.
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Z.03. Identify articles (a, an, the) in a sentence.
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Z.04. Identify prepositions in a sentence.
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Z.05. Identify prepositions and their objects in a sentence.
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Z.06. Identify prepositional phrases within a sentence.
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Z.07. Review and apply knowledge of prepositions.
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Z.08. Identify coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet).
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Z.09. Identify subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if, when).
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Z.10. Differentiate between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions and use them appropriately.
AA. Grammar: Contractions
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AA.01. Form and use pronoun-verb contractions correctly.
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AA.02. Form and use contractions with “not” correctly.
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AA.03. Explain the difference between contractions and possessive pronouns.
BB. Mechanics: Commas, Capitalisation, and Formatting
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BB.01. Use commas with direct addresses and after introductory words or phrases.
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BB.02. Capitalise the names of people, pets, and titles of respect.
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BB.03. Capitalise days of the week, months of the year, and holidays.
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BB.04. Capitalise the names of places and geographic features.
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BB.05. Use correct greetings and closings in letters.
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BB.06. Capitalise titles of books, movies, and other works.
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BB.07. Format titles correctly using quotation marks or italics.
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BB.08. Apply correct capitalisation and formatting rules to titles.
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BB.09. Identify and correct capitalization errors in given sentences.
