Course Content
A. Vocabulary: Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots
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A.01. Recognise common prefixes (e.g., pre-, re-, un-, dis-) and their impact on word meaning.
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A.02. Recognise common suffixes (e.g., -ful, -less, -able, -ible) and their impact on word meaning.
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A.03. Identify words containing specific prefixes (pre-, re-, sub-, mis-, un-, dis-, in-, im-, non-).
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A.04. Identify words containing specific suffixes (-ful, -less, -able, -ible).
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A.05. Determine the meaning of words by analysing their prefixes and suffixes.
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A.06. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots.
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A.07. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.
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A.08. Determine the meaning of common Greek and Latin roots.
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A.09. Determine the meaning of complex words by analysing their Greek and Latin roots.
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A.10. Match words with their meanings based on shared Greek and Latin roots.
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A.11. Infer the meanings of Greek and Latin roots from context.
B. Vocabulary: Word Relationships
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B.01. Identify synonyms for given words.
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B.02. Identify antonyms for given words.
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B.03. Identify homophones and use them correctly in sentences.
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B.04. Use context clues to determine the meaning of words with multiple meanings.
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B.05. Distinguish between shades of meaning in related words.
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B.06. Recognise and use analogies to understand relationships between words.
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B.07. Identify words with positive and negative connotations.
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B.08. Select words that belong to a specific category or group.
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B.09. Identify words that do not belong to a given group.
C. Reference Skills
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C.01. Alphabetise words based on the first two letters.
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C.02. Alphabetise words based on the first three letters.
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C.03. Use guide words to locate entries in a dictionary.
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C.04. Use dictionary definitions to understand the meanings of words.
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C.05. Use thesaurus entries to find synonyms and antonyms.
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C.06. Interpret and apply information found in dictionary entries.
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C.07. Alphabetise words: challenge
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C.08. Locate and interpret information using various reference materials, including dictionaries, thesauruses, and online resources.
D. Sentences
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D.01. Identify the complete subject and complete predicate in a sentence.
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D.02. Identify the simple subject and simple predicate in a sentence.
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D.03. Determine if a sentence is declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory.
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D.04. Identify dependent and independent clauses.
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D.05. Distinguish between complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences.
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D.06. Determine if a sentence is simple or compound.
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D.07. Determine if a sentence is simple, compound, or complex.
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D.08. Correct fragments and run-on sentences to create grammatically correct sentences.
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D.09. Arrange words in the correct order to create meaningful sentences.
E. Nouns
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E.01. Identify common and proper nouns.
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E.02. Identify abstract nouns.
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E.03. Form regular plural nouns.
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E.04. Form plural nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y.
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E.05. Form and use plural nouns correctly.
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E.06. Distinguish between plural, singular possessive, and plural possessive nouns.
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E.07. Form singular and plural possessive nouns.
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E.08. Correct errors in the use of plural and possessive nouns.
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E.09. Apply rules for forming and using plural nouns, including irregular forms and exceptions.
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E.10. Demonstrate correct usage of nouns in various sentence structures.
F. Pronouns
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F.01. Identify personal pronouns.
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F.02. Replace nouns with appropriate personal pronouns.
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F.03. Use subject and object personal pronouns correctly.
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F.04. Use possessive pronouns correctly.
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F.05. Use reflexive pronouns correctly.
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F.06. Identify relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that).
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F.07. Use relative pronouns correctly to connect clauses.
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F.08. Use personal pronouns in compound subjects and objects correctly.
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F.09. Distinguish between personal and reflexive pronouns.
G. Verbs
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G.01. Identify main verbs and helping verbs.
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G.02. Identify the tense of a verb (past, present, future).
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G.03. Use the correct form of regular and irregular verbs in the past tense.
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G.04. Form and use the simple past, present, and future tenses correctly.
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G.05. Use the progressive verb tenses (past, present, future) correctly.
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G.06. Form the perfect verb tenses (past, present, future) correctly.
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G.07. Correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense within a sentence or paragraph.
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G.08. Distinguish between the past tense and past participle forms of verbs.
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G.09. Use the correct subject or verb, including with compound subjects.
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G.10. Understand and use modal verbs to express ability, permission, obligation, and possibility.
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G.11. Determine what a modal verb shows (ability, permission, etc.).
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G.12. Apply rules for subject-verb agreement, including cases with compound subjects and intervening phrases.
H. Adjectives and Adverbs
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H.01. Identify adjectives in a sentence.
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H.02. Identify adverbs in a sentence.
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H.03. Differentiate between adjectives and adverbs.
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H.04. Use adjectives and adverbs correctly to modify nouns and verbs.
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H.05. Use adjectives to compare (comparative and superlative forms).
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H.06. Spell adjectives correctly when making comparisons.
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H.07. Use adverbs to compare (comparative and superlative forms).
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H.08. Order adjectives correctly in a sentence.
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H.09. Use relative adverbs correctly to connect clauses.
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H.10. Determine if a word is an adjective or an adverb
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H.11. Use adjectives with more and most
I. Prepositions and Conjunctions
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I.01. Identify prepositions and prepositional phrases in a sentence.
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I.02. Identify the objects of prepositions.
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I.03. Identify coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet).
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I.04. Identify subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if, when).
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I.05. Use coordinating conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and clauses.
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I.06. Use subordinating conjunctions to create complex sentences.
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I.07. Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions (e.g., both/and, either/or, neither/nor).
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I.08. Identify and use prepositional phrases correctly
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I.09. Fill in the missing correlative conjunction
J. Mechanics: Capitalisation, Punctuation, and Formatting
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J.01. Correct errors in capitalisation.
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J.02. Apply capitalisation rules for titles.
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J.03. Use commas correctly with direct addresses, introductory words, and interjections.
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J.04. Use commas correctly in compound and complex sentences.
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J.05. Use pronoun-verb contractions correctly.
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J.06. Use contractions with “not” correctly.
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J.07. Apply correct formatting to titles.
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J.08. Apply correct capitalisation and formatting to a variety of titles.
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J.09. Apply correct formatting to sentences
K. Reading Comprehension: Main Idea and Theme
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K.01. Identify key details in a text.
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K.02. Use key details to determine the main idea of a passage.
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K.03. Determine the main idea of a passage.
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K.04. Combine main ideas from two different texts.
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K.05. Determine the theme of a short story.
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K.06. Identify multiple themes within a single text.
L. Reading Comprehension: Author’s Purpose, Tone, and Text Structure
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L.02. Determine the order of events in informational texts.
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L.03. Compare and contrast information presented in texts.
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L.04. Identify cause-and-effect relationships in informational texts.
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L.05. Match problems with their solutions as presented in a text.
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L.06. Identify different text structures (e.g., sequence, description, compare/contrast, cause/effect, problem/solution).
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L.07. Distinguish between formal and informal language.
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L.08. Evaluate the effectiveness of different text structures for conveying information.
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L.09. Analyse how the author’s choice of words and text structure contributes to the overall purpose and tone.
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L.01. Identify the author’s purpose in a given text (e.g., to inform, to persuade, to entertain).
M. Reading Comprehension: Literary Devices and Point of View
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M.01. Identify similes and metaphors in a text.
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M.02. Determine the meanings of similes and metaphors.
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M.03. Analyse the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone.
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M.04. Compare and contrast different points of view in a text.
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M.05. Identify the author’s intended audience and how it influences the tone and content of the text.
N. Reading Comprehension: Inference and Story Elements
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N.01. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters in a story.
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N.02. Compare and contrast characters in a story.
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N.03. Draw inferences from a text based on explicit and implicit information.
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N.04. Identify key story elements such as plot, setting, characters, and conflict.
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N.05. Analyse how the setting influences the plot and characters in a story.
O. Reading Different Types of Texts
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O.01. Read and comprehend fantasy texts with illustrations.
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O.02. Read and comprehend realistic fiction texts with illustrations.
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O.03. Read and comprehend historical fiction texts with illustrations.
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O.04. Read and comprehend realistic fiction texts.
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O.05. Read and comprehend historical fiction texts.
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O.06. Read and comprehend poetry.
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O.07. Read and comprehend drama.
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O.08. Read and comprehend informational texts about animals.
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O.09. Read and comprehend informational texts about art, music, and traditions.
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O.10. Read and comprehend informational texts about famous places.
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O.11. Read and comprehend informational texts about sports and hobbies.
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O.12. Read and comprehend informational texts about famous people.
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O.13. Read and comprehend informational texts about business and technology.
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O.14. Read and comprehend informational texts about science and nature.
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O.15. Read and comprehend informational texts about history.
P. Writing: Organisation and Transitions
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P.01. Put sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.
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P.02. Use coordinating conjunctions to connect sentences and ideas smoothly.
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P.03. Choose the best transition words to connect ideas and sentences.
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P.04. Order items from most general to most specific.
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P.05. Organise information by topic to create clear and focused paragraphs.
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P.06. Remove sentences that do not belong in a paragraph.
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P.07. Construct coherent paragraphs using a clear topic sentence, supporting details, and transitions.
Q. Writing: Introductions, Conclusions, and Arguments
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Q.01. Choose the best topic sentence for a paragraph.
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Q.02. Choose the best concluding sentence for a paragraph.
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Q.03. Distinguish facts from opinions.
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Q.04. Identify an author’s statement of opinion.
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Q.05. Choose reasons to support an opinion in an argumentative essay.
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Q.06. Identify supporting details in literary texts.
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Q.07. Identify supporting details in informational texts.
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Q.08. Develop and support arguments with relevant evidence and logical reasoning.
R. Writing: Descriptive Details and Revision
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R.01. Show character emotions and traits through descriptive writing.
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R.02. Revise sentences using stronger verbs to create more vivid descriptions.
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R.03. Use sensory details to create engaging descriptions.
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R.04. Develop descriptive writing skills using figurative language and vivid imagery.
S. Writing: Editing and Revising for Correct Word Usage
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S.01. Use the correct frequently confused word (e.g., there/their/they’re, to/too/two).
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S.02. Correct errors with frequently confused words.
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S.03. Proofread and edit written work for clarity, accuracy, and grammatical correctness.
T. Research Skills and Avoiding Plagiarism
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T.01. Identify plagiarism in written work.
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T.02. Correct instances of plagiarism by properly citing sources.
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T.03. Demonstrate an understanding of ethical research practices.
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T.04. Gather and organise information from multiple sources for research projects.
U. Sensory and Visual Elements
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U.01. Sort sensory details in a text.
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U.02. Analyse and interpret visual elements in a text.
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U.03. Compare mythological illustrations.
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U.04. Explain how sensory details and visual elements contribute to the overall meaning and impact of a text.
